occupational hygine and health promotion journal
بهداشت کار و ارتقاء سلامت
ohhp
Medical Sciences
http://ohhp.ssu.ac.ir
1
admin
2588-2643
2588-3062
fa
jalali
1396
8
1
gregorian
2017
11
1
1
2
online
1
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fa
شناسایی و ارزیابی ریسکهای شغلی در حفاری مکانیزه تونل مترو با استفاده از تکنیک حالات شکست و تجزیه و تحلیل اثرات آن FMEA
Identification and Assessment of Occupational Risks in Mechanized Excavation of Metro Tunnel using the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Technique (FMEA)
ایمنی
safty
پژوهشي
Research
<strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مقدمه:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> خطرناکترین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">صنعت از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نظر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تلفات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مربوط</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کار،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نرخ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آسیب دیدگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پرداخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">غرامت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کارگران</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">صنعت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ساخت و ساز می باشد. از این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">رو</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ارزیابی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ریسک­ های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ایمنی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کلیدی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اساسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مدیریت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پروژه­های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ساخت و ساز می باشد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">.</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> در این مطالعه ریسک­ های شغلی در پروژه حفاری خط </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"> A</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مترو قم </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شناسایی و مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.</span></span><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روش بررسی:</span></span></strong> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مطالعه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">موردی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">توصیفی، از تکنیک حالات شکست و تجزیه و تحلیل اثرات آن استفاده گردید. جهت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">جمع­ آوری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اطلاعات از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روش</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">­</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مشاهده،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تجربه،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">چک لیست،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آئین نامه­ ها و استانداردهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مرتبط</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سوابق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">حوادث</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ثبت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شده استفاده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گردید؛</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">قابلیت کشف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خطر</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ات</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شدت،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">احتمال</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پیامدهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مخاطرات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">حضور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کارشناسان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با تجربه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تعیین شد</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">. ریسک­های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شناسایی شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">الویت بندی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اقدامات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اصلاحی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">توصیه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شد.</span></span><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یافته­ ها:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> طی مطالعه حاضر پروژه به 12واحد کاری مختلف تفکیک شد. در مجموع 49 عنوان فعالیت مرتبط با این 12 واحد مشخص گردید و در نهایت 293 خطر مرتبط با این تعداد فعالیت­ها مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت. سطوح ریسک 26 مورد در سطح ریسک پایین، 202 مورد در سطح ریسک متوسط و 65 مورد در سطح ریسک بالا قرار داشت. بعد از پیاده سازی اقدامات اصلاحی به جز 3 خطری که در سطح ریسک متوسط قرار گرفتند باقی به سطح ریسک پائین تقلیل یافتند.</span></span><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نتیجه گیری:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان می دهد که استفاده از تکنیک </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">FMEA</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> برای ارزیابی ریسک­های شغلی پروژه­های حفاری مکانیزه تونل بسیار مناسب بوده و در صورت تشکیل تیم </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">FMEA</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> قوی در نهایت منجر به کاهش سطح ریسک در پروژه خواهد شد.</span></span><br>
<strong>Background:</strong> The construction industry is known as one of the most dangerous industries in terms of work-related mortalities, injury rates, and compensation payment to workers. Therefore, assessment of safety risks is a key step to be performed in management of major construction projects. In this study, the occupational risks of Qom metro line an excavation project were identified and assessment.<br>
<strong>Methods:</strong> In this descriptive case study, the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) technique was used to analyze risks. In data collection process, observation, workers' experience and judgments, checklist, standards and regulations, as well as incident records were used. Risk detection capabilities, severity, probability, and consequences of hazards were determined by professional experts in various team works. The identified risks were prioritized and corrective actions were recommended.<br>
<strong>Results:</strong> In the present study, the project was divided into 12 different working units. Generally, 49 activity titles associated with these 12 units were determined. Eventually, 293 risks associated with these activities were identified. Risk levels of the identified hazards included 26 cases at low risk level, 202 cases at moderate risk level, and 65 cases at high risk levels. After implementation of corrective actions, regardless of the three hazard cases at moderate risk level, the remaining identified hazards were reduced to a low risk level.<br>
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results of this study indicate that using the FMEA technique to assess the occupational risks of mechanized tunnel excavation projects was very suitable. Furthermore, with a strong FMEA team a significant reduction in risk level of the project will be achieved.
حفاری مکانیزه, FMEA, ارزیابی ریسک, TBM
Mechanized excavation, FMEA, Risk Assessment, TBM
129
142
http://ohhp.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-26-12&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Kamran
NAJAFI
کامران
نجفی